English grammar structure of sentence class 8

 Ch–15

Structure of a Sentence

Subject:

The subject is always a word or a group of words that does the work of a noun.

Ex. – The boys are idle.

The directorate flutters in the sunshine.

Enlargement of the Subject:

The subject if qualified by an adjective or a word used as a group of words that does the work of an adjective, it is called its enlargement or attribute.

Ex. – India’s progress is rapid.

Girls of good character are respected.

Extension of the Predicate:

The subject if qualified by an adjective or a word used as a group of words, doing the work of an adverb, in the same way the verb in the predicate may be qualified by an adverb or a word or a group of words doing the work of an adverb.

Called extension or adverbial qualification.

Ex. – She went home.

The teachers spoke softly.

Object:

When the verb in the predicate is a transitive verb, it requires an object to complete its sense. In fact, if you say “smell”, it is not a complete sense. You want to know what you “smell”. The verb “to smell” requires an object, such as “sweet” to make complete sense.

Ex. – The thieves made him confess.

She knows him.

Enlargement of the Object:

The words that qualify or add to the meaning of an object are called enlargement of the object.

Ex. – He hurt his leg.

The teacher found the two boys fighting.

Direct and Indirect Objects:

The transitive verb in the predicate takes two objects: one object shows the person for whom something is done or to whom something is said or given, and the other object shows what is done, said or given to the person.

The object showing the person for whom something is done or to whom something is said or given is called the indirect object.

Ex. – He told me the fairy tale.

He showed Neetu the scenery.

Complement:

When the verb in the predicate is an intransitive verb, it can make complete sense by itself. But sometimes, the verb in the predicate is an intransitive verb that requires an additional word or words to complete its meaning – as in:

The whale catches the fish.

What is required to complete the predicate is called a complement. A complement that refers to the subject of the verb is called subjective complement.

Ex. – She is [there].

Your sister is [here].

Certain transitive verbs require a complement.

Ex. – We called her Pinky.

The complement here refers to the object “him”; it is therefore a

lso the complement.

Ex. – This will make her sick.

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